Natural organisms are extremely well adapted to operate effectively and efficiently in their environment. Our approach provides an automated, scalable, high-throughput process to manufacture high-resolution, functional multimaterial systems.Ĭreating systems that can operate like natural organisms has been a long-standing research challenge 1. We directly fabricated a wide range of complex high-resolution composite systems and robots: tendon-driven hands, pneumatically actuated walking manipulators, pumps that mimic a heart and metamaterial structures. The advances in material properties are characterized by standardized tests comparing our printed materials to the state-of-the-art. This contactless process allows us to use continuously curing chemistries and, therefore, print a broader range of material families and elastic moduli. Hereby, a scanning system captures the three-dimensional print geometry and enables a digital feedback loop, which eliminates the need for mechanical planarizers. We propose an inkjet deposition process called vision-controlled jetting that can create complex systems and robots. It remains an open challenge to fabricate functional systems automatically and quickly with a wide range of elastic properties, resolutions, and integrated actuation and sensing channels 2, 3. Traditional manufacturing processes struggle to fabricate such complex systems 2. The aim is to create actuated systems with high spatial resolutions and complex material arrangements that range from elastic to rigid. Recreating complex structures and functions of natural organisms in a synthetic form is a long-standing goal for humanity 1.
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